Hearing from a federal agent, or finding a letter from the U.S. Attorney's Office in your mailbox, is frightening. Being investigated is not the same as being charged. What you do now can matter a great deal.
What a federal investigation means
Federal agencies, such as the FBI, DEA, IRS or Homeland Security, investigate possible federal crimes, often for a long time and quietly. You may learn about it through:
- A phone call or a visit from an agent who wants to "ask a few questions"
- A grand jury subpoena asking for documents or for you to testify
- A target letter, which says the government considers you a likely subject of charges
- A search warrant at your home, business or phone
People in an investigation are often described as a witness (someone with information), a subject (someone whose conduct is being looked at) or a target (someone the government expects to charge). These roles can change.
What may be at stake
- Whether you are charged at all, and with what
- Your job, business, professional license and reputation
- Money or property the government says is connected to the case
- Your freedom, if the investigation leads to charges
What to do if you are contacted
- Stay calm and be polite. You can say, "I'd like to speak with an attorney before I answer questions."
- Don't lie or guess. Making a false statement to a federal agent is a crime of its own.
- Don't destroy, delete or change any documents, messages or files. That can lead to separate charges.
- Keep any card, letter or subpoena you receive, and write down the agent's name and agency.
- Don't discuss the investigation with coworkers, friends or others who may be involved.
- Call an attorney before any meeting or deadline.
How our attorneys help
- We help you understand what the government is looking at and where you may stand.
- Depending on the situation, an attorney may be able to communicate with the agents or prosecutor on your behalf.
- We help you respond to subpoenas and requests for documents properly.
- If charges come, we are already prepared.
Questions people ask about federal investigations.
I didn't do anything wrong. Shouldn't I just explain?
Many people feel that way. But agents are gathering evidence, and even honest statements can be misunderstood or used later. Talk with an attorney first; then you can decide together whether and how to share information.
What is a target letter?
It is a letter from federal prosecutors saying they consider you a likely subject of charges. It often invites you or your attorney to contact them. It is important to talk with an attorney before you respond.
I received a grand jury subpoena. Am I in trouble?
Not necessarily. Subpoenas often go to witnesses or businesses that hold records. But you must take it seriously and respond correctly, so call an attorney.
Can my employer's lawyer represent me?
A company's lawyer represents the company, and the company's interests may differ from yours. You may want your own attorney.
You may also want to read.
Under Investigation
Contacted by local police or an agency.
Read →White-Collar and Financial Crimes
Fraud, embezzlement and related charges.
Read →Drug Conspiracy and Organized Crime
Federal conspiracy charges.
Read →All federal defense
How federal cases work.
See all →This page is general information, not legal advice. Every case depends on its own facts.